Reinigung von Pflanzenschutzabwässern durch biologische Verfahren Typ "Biobeds".
Biobeds werden in mehreren europäischen Ländern zur Säuberung von landwirtschaftlichen Abwässern, die mit Pestiziden verseucht sind, eingesetzt. In der Schweiz ist das Interesse an ihnen stark gestiegen. Indeed these systems are cheap and quite easy to install for farmers. The principle is to spread contaminated water on a biomix, made out of earth and straw and some other organic matter. There is no consensus yet about the composition of the biomix and each country has his own specificties. Verschiedene technische Systeme existieren (offene oder geschlossene Systeme, mit oder ohne Vegetation...) und werden je nach Boden- und Klimabedingungen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in jedem Land eingesetzt.
Das Ziel dieses Projekts war es, herauszufinden, wie Biobodies unter Schweizer Bedingungen eingesetzt werden können. For this purpose, medium scale investigations were realised to determine the efficiency of different biomix to retrain and degrade pesticides under close to the practice conditions. Parallel dazu wurden verschiedene Biobadsysteme konstruiert und eingesetzt, um die Vorteile und Nachteile der einzelnen Systeme zu ermitteln.
The main conclusions of the project are (1) Biobeds are efficient and would be usefull to limit water contamination by pesticides in Switzerland (2) Most efficient biomix are made out of agricultural soil, straw and compost (25:50:25, v:v) (3) In these proportions, the nature and origin of soil didn't modify the efficiency of biomix. (4) For the 13 pesticides tested over a winegrowing season, water decontamination yield was comprised between 84 and 100% (mean: 97%, medium: 98%). (5) In the biomix, some pesticides degraded almost completely (diuron, trifloxistrobine), whereas others were persistent (terbuthylazine, fludioxonil) (6) The choice of the biobed technical system depends on the characteristics of the farm: nature of pesticides use, volume of wastewater, surfaces available for the biobed.
Aufwertung
DAKHEL ROBERT N., GUISOLAN N., BURDET J.-P. and BURGOS S. 2014. Efficiency of several biomix to retain and degrade pesticides in biobeds under swiss pedo-climatic conditions. International conference Wine active compounds, Beaune (26-28 March).
DAKHEL N., GUISOLAN N., BURDET J.-P. and BURGOS S. 2013. Efficiency of several biomix to retention and degrade pesticides in biobeds under Swiss pedo-climatic conditions 4th European Biobed Workshop, 20-21 March, Wageningen, Netherlands.
2010 - 2012
Partner: hepia (EIL) und Service de l'Ecologie de l'eau du Canton de Genève (Dienst für Wasserökologie des Kantons Genf)
Finanzierung: HES-SO, BAFU und Kanton Genf
